| Why aren't all refugees treated like Ukrainian refugees? MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. The 2014-15 asylees from Syria and North Africa were mostly Muslim and faced higher degrees of discrimination than will the Ukrainians, who are largely of Christian heritage. Asylum-seekers must not be forced back to the trauma and violence that theyre so desperately fleeing. Statistics show that asylum centers tend to isolate residents and restrict their access to the labor market. What explains the difference? Asked whether she recognised a difference in the treatment of refugees between 2015 and 2022, Frederiksen replied "yes, it is (different), because Ukraine is our region". An additional . After all, from . Addie Esposito is a staff writer and Senior Editor at the HIR. To receive Stanford news daily, Islamophobia also underlies the assumption that Middle Eastern refugees are violent terroristsa sentiment echoed in Petkovs speech and Orbns comments that Muslim asylum seekers are Muslim invaders, accepting Middle Eastern migrants is importing terrorism, and all the terrorists are basically migrants. This assumption is a blatant fallacy of composition not applied to whites. All refugees deserve. subscribe to Stanford Report. Why don't we treat all refugees as though they were Ukrainian? Furthermore, it is important to help the public understand immigrants do not have to give up the core of their identity (in terms of cultures and traditions) to be able to follow the law, find jobs, contribute to society, and make friends with people of the host country. Germany, for example, has suffered fromzero population growth for years and is in acute need of young, able-bodied workers to feed its massive industrial economy. Approximately 18,000 Europeans from 15 countries were given profiles and asked whom they would grant asylum; the study found a consistent bias against Muslim asylum-seekers, who were 11 percentage points less likely to be accepted than otherwise similar Christians. Corroborating this anti-Muslim bias among Europeans, another experiment in France concluded that increasing numbers of Muslims in France resulted in increased xenophobia. Diplomas and qualifications have to be recognized by the national labor system, which depending on the level of education can take years. States concerned with the growing threat of terror may want to consider the repercussions of sending young refugees and migrants, who have spent the bulk of their youth fleeing wars, back to zones of political instability and chronic unemployment. However, IPL research has found that Europeans care deeply about fairness in the EU asylum system, and that large majorities would support a plan to allocate asylum seekers in proportion to each countrys capacity, even if that meant their own country would receive more. Border patrol agent seen holding whip during encounter with Haitian migrants, the Biden administration has been quietly engaged in another series of evacuation flights, more than 1 million migrants and asylum-seekers, Biden immigration hypocrisy on full display as he tells Haitians fleeing chaos not to come, The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern, Thousands of Afghan refugees await new homes in U.S. airbases, has 14 days to implement the court ruling, arrive without visas as humanitarian parolees, more than 123,000 people were safely flown out of Afghanistan, received medical screenings and access to vaccinations. Furthermore, semantics matter. In The Telegraph, Daniel Hannan wrote an article about Ukraine that led, they seem so like us. Shooting, detaining, torturing, and executing protestors, Assad forcefully crushed pro-democracy protests during the Arab Spring. The United Nations refugee agency has expressed concern over these expulsion flights, noting that those impacted are being sent back to the very dangers they have fled in their countries of origin. Indeed, these asylum-seekers should instead be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed all refugees deserve protection, not just our allies. So how can we reduce perceptions of different types of threats associated with refugees and immigrants? Of those, 1.1 million are children, If there are too many refugees being housed in hotels, it's because the home office has been shown to be incapable of processing people quickly and letting them earn their own living. Tradues em contexto de "refugees to being" en ingls-portugus da Reverso Context : In addition, it must withdraw its support for the EU decisions, which together with the Schengen Agreement and the Dublin Regulations, condemn thousands of refugees to being trapped in Greece against their will. (Image credit: Michele Tantussi /Getty Images). The EUs response to the refugee crisis also shapes its posture towards Russia and reignites Cold War concerns about Russian aggression, for Eastern Europeans acknowledge the potential for Putin to invade their nations as well. Religious and other prejudices are often intertwined; the disparity between how the EU treats Ukrainian and non-Ukrainian refugees stems from Europeans empathy for Ukrainians and the othering of African and Middle Eastern refugees. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. He's the host of NPR's Book of the Day podcast and a frequent host on Life Kit. Broadly, what does your research reveal about the publics attitude toward refugees? In responding to refugee crises and surges in asylum applications, the EU has struggled to maintain unity and solidarity among member states. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stipulates that while refugees are humanitarian subjects primarily seeking protection, migrants are economic subjects, seeking better lives. HERIKA MARTINEZ/AFP/Getty Images. More than half - nearly 548,000 - have fled to Poland which shares a 500km border with Ukraine. Study 4 used a more representative sample, consisting of 111 women and 140 men (mean age of 50 years). Free visas to the EU. The Biden administration must immediately halt flights carrying asylum-seekers back to Mexico and Haiti and fully rescind Title 42 so that everyone seeking protection can petition for safety. Just last week, the U.S. expelled 86 Haitians who fled the recent earthquake and political unrest, and flew them back to Haiti under this policy. I need ammunition, not a ride from the war-torn streets of Kyiv, Zelensky has become a vocal, defiant defender of democracy and civil liberties, while Putin has trampled Russians freedoms, invaded a sovereign nation, and authorized countless war crimes in Ukraine. Landmann and colleagues in Germany conducted a series of four related studies to examine hostility toward refugees. Instead. With fewer resources invested in non-Ukrainian refugees, it may take longer for their asylum cases to be processed, prolonging unemployment, living precarity, and limited access to resources. During the civil war, civilians were often purposefully caught in the crossfire between Assad and opposition forces; for example, in 2013, Assads forces waged chemical war against civilians, killing 1,400. 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As anthropologist Miriam Ticktin has documented, some even infect themselves with deadly diseases to gain protection as HIV-positive patients and thereby gain residence. Both direct and indirect threats were related to unfavorable attitudes toward refugees, so there may be a bidirectional relationship between peoples attitudes and their perception of threat: The perception of threat gives rise to negative attitudes toward outsiders, and negative attitudes also cause greater threat perception. LIMBONG: Keshavarz points to Poland accepting Ukrainian refugees when not that long ago, the country was telling scores of Afghans, Syrians and Iraqis, no, the country's full. A new report released by The Guardian shows the recent massive migration inflow to Germany has had a positive impact on the GDP, as the population growth among the working age has increased while unemployment has decreased. Here, Laitin discusses how the experience of Ukrainian refugees compares to those fleeing other conflicts and difficulties, such as those escaping civil war in Syria and economic hardship in North Africa. Many more Haitians trying to avoid this fate are being detained in Del Rio, Texas. Laitin is the James T. Watkins IV and Elise V. Watkins Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences and is a faculty co-director of the Stanford Immigration Policy Lab, which designs and evaluates immigration and integration policies and programs. March 3, 2022. Religion is a key factor influencing attitudes toward refugees. A charity that helps refugees has said there is a big variation in how the UK helps people from different countries. In the wall-to-wall coverage of the crisis in Ukraine, a certain pattern has sometimes emerged that positions Ukrainians as different from other victims of conflict. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. Why are asylum seekers treated differently to other refugees? Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR. That convention requires the country that first registered an asylum seeker to administer the application and provide housing. She previously worked as a Middle East Fellow at the Independent Diplomat Advisory Group and as an adviser at the Permanent Mission of Afghanistan to the UN. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC. In practice, refugees and migrants apply for the same asylum, which has somewhat disrupted the easy management of these categories. The findings could help inform long-term wildfire and ecosystem management in these zombie forests.. They want to work and maintain their dignity, not just be refugees.. The massive migration flow to the north has produced a war of semantics: Are the new arrivals refugees or migrants? Laitin also offers insight into how European Union (EU) policy is supporting a surge of refugees that the United Nations has described as the largest humanitarian crisis Europe has seen since World War II. I thought about the tens of thousands of refugees fleeing Ukraine and the tens of thousands of refugees who have had to flee their homes in Central America, Mexico and other parts of Latin. Syrian refugees desire to work speaks to a broader sentiment, shared by many asylum seekers, that employment matters more than protection. About 18,000 refugees from Ukraine have arrived in Switzerland so far, with tens of thousands more expected by summer. These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. Data collected from three IPL projects shows that Muslim immigrants and refugees face higher levels of discrimination in Europe than those with a Christian heritage. as many EU members have already acknowledged, dismissed the EUs call for sharing the responsibility, could not only win skilled workers, but also hearts and minds, http://www.cfr.org/syria/assessing-syrian-refugee-crisis/p33595, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: Existential Crises, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: My Life as a Muslim Brother, Order from Ashes Podcast: The Earthquake, Cholera, and Borders, The Systems That Drive Corruption and Terrorism, Order from Ashes Podcast: Broken Bonds: No Identity, Q&A: Netanyahus Total War on Israels Judiciary. Whether the threat is true or imagined, immigrants might be perceived as threatening in a number of ways. RANA KHOURY: We certainly do see it play out in terms of the politics of refugee reception in the idea of whose burden should it be to take refugees who are from the global South, the Middle East, Africa, versus, you know, who is welcome and who can be brought in here. She says that's a pretty good sign of civilization. Similarly, as many EU members have already acknowledged, it is neither fair nor sustainable to let Mediterranean frontier states such as Greece and Italy, already crumpling under financial debt, host the bulk of the incoming asylum seekers. The global refugee crisis: Empirical evidence and policy implications for improving public attitudes and facilitating refugee resettlement. The way we talk about conflicts can impact those who are already most directly affected by war, refugees. Asylum applicants in northern Europe receive welfare benefits including free education and health care while their applications are being processed, which presents a considerable cost to society. The arrival of Afghan refugees, including some whose status is not materially different from asylum-seekers, proves this. Some refugee families say they aren't being treated the same as families fleeing from Ukraine. In contrast, a refugee arriving in America, after receiving a grant of $900 from the government, often has to rely on private aid organizations. MAHDIS KESHAVARZ: I always kind of think this imagery of, like, this pearl clutch of being just aghast that something can happen in your backyard, where things are happening in other people's backyards all the time. In other words, the choice presented to the Lebanese people by . Every threat type was correlated with unfavorable views of migration and refugees and with favoring more restrictive control of migration. attempting to cross the Syria-Turkey borderis only the latest stark example of Turkeys inability to protect incoming migrants. They often have no or very limited access to services, material assistance, adequate housing, health . Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. How do you anticipate Ukrainians experience will unfold compared to that of asylees from Syria or North Africa? Khoury, the researcher, says race plays a part in all of this but also proximity and geopolitics, too. Refugees and migrants arrive to Europe by the same road; they also face the same challenges in seeking asylum, labor, and housing, as well as integrating into their host communities. You know, looking and seeing why African migrants aren't allowed to cross into Hungary is just as valid as just asking why Ukrainians are. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. But research suggests some approaches can help communities successfully absorb all kinds of refugees Analysis by Claire. People fleeing war-torn Ukraine arrive on a train from Poland at Berlins main train station on March 6, 2022. As of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of . The Ukraine crisis may serve as a reminder that migration policy should be based on more careful collection of data. The EU report challenges her statement by showing that, rather than signifying asylum seekers lack of desire to work, the slow inclusion of asylum seekers into the labor market is a result of poor implementation: Many employers in Sweden are simply not aware that asylum seekers are allowed to work. In both the United States and Europe, the inevitability of multiculturalism and diversityand the resulting decay of white dominanceprompts nativism, racism, and xenophobia from the right. The EU had to support Ukrainewhich included a commitment to aiding Ukrainian refugeesor risk international condemnation; in contrast, it is more politically risky for the EU to commit to one side of the Syrian civil war (a perceived choice between a tyrannical government or jihadists). As political scientist Lamis Abdelaaty describes, Europeans see Ukrainians as White and Christian, similar to the way that many in European countries see themselves. Eastern Europeans are especially welcoming of Ukrainians, with whom they share a sense of fraternity; many people move around within Eastern Europe, so nationalities expand beyond each nations borders. Former German Chancellor Angela Merkelwidely hailed as a champion of refugee rightsfunded Turkeys refugee camps so that President Erdoan would hinder the passage of refugees into Greece, an EU member. When I called the Swedish immigration authorities (Migrationsverket) to verify this, their press person acknowledged that not many asylum seekers are working, but indicated that only few asylum seekers make use of the temporary work permits in the first place. If they are able to overcome these barriers and enter the EU, non-Ukrainians face prolonged unemployment. The U.S. has an opportunity to build off of its strong response to the Ukrainian refugee crisis. The European Parliament stresses in a report that even though Sweden offers low working restrictions for asylees, their labor market is inflexible and poorly adaptable to employees with different skills. Many Central and Eastern Europeans are empathising with. While a federal judge on Thursday blocked the Biden administration from enforcing Title 42 for migrant families, the administration still has 14 days to implement the court ruling, and in any case is appealing the decision. This treatment also extended to racialized permanent . Media outlets therefore play a decisive role in how Europeans view asylum seekers. By welcoming Ukrainian refugees and imposing economic sanctions on Russia, the EU has demonstrated its support for Ukrainian sovereignty and opposition to Russian aggression without direct military intervention. Not so today in the wake of Russia's invasion of Ukraine. At the end of March 2022, the Biden administration announced a commitment to resettle up to. Andrew Limbong, NPR News. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation . But we need to remember that Europeans were impressively generous to the first wave of Syrian refugees, but as the numbers increased, attitudes quickly became exclusive. Ukrainian refugees will not be as burdened by systemic failures in European migration policy as were the Syrians and North Africans in 2014-15. The injunction also only applies to families, so single adults can continue to be removed. The death of Alan Kurdi: one year on, compassion towards refugees fades: Toddler's death opened European hearts and policy towards refugees, but 12 months on those changes have proved temporary. And if you zoom way, way out when talking about refugees and displacement, countries in the Middle East, Africa and the global South have taken in more than their fair share of refugees. Assad sought to offer a stark choice between his secular rule and a jihadi alternative, creating a binary with no clean, moral winner. KESHAVARZ: So as journalists, I think it's really critical that we look at that duality, and we question why that is. Arriving from the Middle East and Africa, non-Ukranian refugees are often otherized. Since the passage of the Refugee Act in 1980, the U.S. has admitted more than 3.1 million refugees, and since 1990 more than 700,000 people have been granted asylum. For example, a person who fears he might catch a deadly disease from refugees is reacting to a direct threat, but a person who fears negative changes in politics of the country, such as a significant increase in popular support for extremist right-wing and far-right parties, is reacting to an indirect or extended threat. Author Kate Zernike dissects the years-long fight for gender equality at MIT, NASA made history by knocking an asteroid off course. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. In late August, my colleagues from Jesuit Refugee Service Mexico traveled to the Mexican border with Guatemala to accompany those expelled from the U.S. on one of these flights. For example in Germany and Sweden, so-called priority reviews specify that asylum seekers can only be employed if there are no suitable national or EU-citizens available for the job. Why Are So Many Young Men Single And Sexless? symbolic and realistic). It especially from Asia and Africa, to understand that Lebanon has a racism problem that goes beyond the discrimination of refugees. Six threat types emerged from the analysis of the responses:1. (2019). Syrians rejection of the refugee category reflects the widespread association in the Middle East of refugees with Palestinians, who have for decades lived in UN-assisted camps in the region. It is not enough for them simply to stay alive. Given the risk of deportation, many also avoid the system altogether and work informally instead. Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic refused to accept asylum seekers the EU attempted to relocate from Italy and Germany. In the past year, a record-high 65 million people have been displaced worldwide, including more than one million people who crossed borders into the European Union while thousands more died on the way. Media coverage of the invasion is part of the reason. ANDREW LIMBONG, BYLINE: On Friday, CBS News senior foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata framed the fighting in Kyiv like this. This clear binary extends to Zelensky and Putin. Treatment of Haitians at the border in Texas exposes double standard toward refugees These asylum-seekers should be welcomed just like Afghans are being welcomed. Refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs, low-cost housing, access to health care, etc. Refugee The United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) defines refugees as those who have fled from conflict and persecution to seek protection in another country. IPL researchers analyzed survey data collected at transit hubs across West and Central Africa, and they found that only a small share of the migrants there expressed an interest in reaching Europe. foreigners). As neighboring countries let in Ukrainian refugees, Africans living and studying in Ukraine say they're facing discrimination at border crossings. The EU refused to activate the Temporary Protection Directive in 2015, incentivized other nations to thwart the flow of refugees, and neglected to discipline border patrol agents who violated the rights of asylum seekers. 2016. NPR's Andrew Limbong has more. Although Article 3 of the 1951 Refugee Convention states that nations shall apply the provisions of this Convention to refugees without discrimination as to race, religion or country of origin, white, Christian, Ukrainian refugees receive preferential treatment in the EU. In addition, we should remember foreigners culture will change, particularly with intergroup contactjust as cultures of European immigrants to America have changed, as history shows. Two recent reports from the European Parliament show that despite short-term costs, labor integration of both asylum seekers and refugees will generate long-term economic gains that exceed the costs. She and her daughters then found themselves on a bus back to Guatemala, the place where they had fled violence in the first place. But, as Katy Long argued in a policy brief for The Century Foundation, in the case of the United States, which accepted 69,900 refugees including a mere 2,192 Syrians last year, Western countries may be shooting themselves in the foot by outsourcing their migrant problem. Millions of Ukrainians are living in unimaginable terror; but thankfully the countrys refugees will face a more accommodating Europe than did those who sought similar protection a decade earlier. Contrarily, due to racial, religious, cultural, and ethnic differences, Europeans feel less sympathy for other refugees. The Century Foundation Examining these six threat types, researchers tried to determine if only one or two of them might explain hostility toward refugees just as well or even better than all six factors combined. Albagir, a male refugee from Sudan, and one of his co-travelers struggle to cross into Poland. A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee his or her home because of war, violence or persecution, often without warning. : 'Labours Shadow Home Secretary Yvette Cooper struggles to justify why refugees fleeing war in Ukraine should be treated differently to refugees fleeing war in Afghanistan. First, the rules of the EUs Dublin Convention will not pose the same burdens. U.S. authorities are dedicating extra resources to pick up the rate of flights in order to remove them more quickly, saying six to eight flights a day will depart starting Tuesday. Witnessing how Palestinian refugees have become caught in a state of permanent displacement, many Syrians are careful to disassociate themselves from the refugee identity. Many cultures and religions have survived for hundreds and thousands of years partly because they are flexible enough to adapt and evolve. Tens of thousands of people have already crossed into. This led to a disorganized and desperate re-migration throughout Europe, with refugees under continued fear of being repatriated. Giulia McPherson is the director of advocacy and operations at Jesuit Refugee Service/USA. Refugee Children in U.S. Schools: A Toolkit for Teachers and School Personnel (Grant No. While the two categories are treated differently by law, in practice they are both asylum seekers. The Russian incursion has sparked the fastest growing refugee crisis since World War II, forcing more than 2 . Palestinian refugees in Lebanon are being paid $350 a month to join the Russian army and then sent to fight in Ukraine, U.S. news agency The Media Line reported on Feb. 28, citing a Lebanese . Of Russia & # x27 ; s andrew LIMBONG, BYLINE: Friday! Of Afghan refugees, for instance, pose an economic threat because they need jobs low-cost! End of March 4, Canada has only resettled 8,580 of Assad forcefully crushed protests! 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