", Watt, D. C. "The Historiography of Appeasement", in, This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 00:08. However, appeasement was not largely justified because there were many opportunities to hinder Hitlers plans, such as not allowing the remilitarization of the Rhineland which led up to Hitlers increase of aggressiveness, more time for Germany to prepare for war, the betrayal of Czechoslovakia, losing the allies . 2023 TidyLife, Inc. All Rights Reserved. ny before it got too late. This resulted in weak western governments and this allowed Hitler and other countries to take advantage and cause war. "History extension 2019: Constructing history case study: Appeasement. 1 See answer Advertisement tprmadness40 because it allowed Hitler to get exactly what he wanted, land in the Czechoslovakian area, and with the new territory he gained, Hitler became more powerful, and his desire to expand grew. In May 1936, undeterred by sanctions, Italy captured Addis Ababa, the Abyssinian capital, and proclaimed Victor Emmanuel III as Emperor of Ethiopia. But what they attempted was logical, rational, and humane". Knew the appeasement policy was in ruins as Hitler invaded Czechoslovakia Thought appeasement wasn't the right policy as they only got 6 months of peace Against Doc D Doc B Elected to Parliament in 1938 Opposition to appeasement Worked as a reporter in Godesberg, Germany when Chamberlain and Hitler met Against Doc C However, the U.S. issued the Stimson Doctrine and refused to recognize Japan's conquest, which played a role in shifting U.S. policy to favour China over Japan during the late 1930s. Appeasement helped to build up national unity and not let people believe the British government has done everything they can to try to prevent war. Minister. Britain and France told the Czechoslovak President Edvard Bene to hand over to Germany all territory with a German majority. On 29 September 1938, Hitler, Chamberlain, French Prime Minister douard Daladier and Mussolini met in Munich. 2.Round 1: Take out Documents A and B, Guiding Questions, and Hypotheses Sheet. Yes. No personalities. The arguments in Taylor's Origins of the Second World War, which have sometimes been described as "revisionist",[9][80] were rejected by many historians at the time, and reviews of his book in Britain and the United States were generally critical. Why was the appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? Appeasement was said to have been beneficial because it provided the Allies with more time to prepare for war. However, even if Britain were to go to war immediately, they would not have the financial capabilities to do so. Appeasement, in an international context, is a diplomatic policy of making political, material, or territorial concessions to an aggressive power to avoid conflict. The agreement was supported by most of the press, with only Reynold's News and the Daily Worker dissenting. Albania, Austria and Hungary refused to apply sanctions, and Germany and the United States were not in the League. Arthur Marder, "The Royal Navy and the Ethiopian Crisis of 193536. [9][15] Nevertheless, the initial response of the British public to the Munich agreement was generally favourable. Minh - Yes, it was the right policy. In addition, appeasement bought them enough time to rearm their troops to have a significant advantage, as compared to if they hadn't tried appeasement and went straight to war. After being involved in World War I, the people of Great Britain had no desire to enter into another conflict.They thought appeasing Germany would keep them safe from harm. [94][95] U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo later stated that the Trump administration's foreign policy was "trying to correct for what was the Obama administration's appeasement of Iran. [83], The view of Chamberlain colluding with Hitler to attack the Soviet Union has persisted, however, particularly on the far left. They needed time to rearm themselves, or they would be overrun by the German army. [4], As alarm grew about the rise of fascism in Europe, Chamberlain resorted to attempts at news censorship to control public opinion. 3) There was no guarantee the US or anyone else would come to their aid, or even if aid did come, if it would be enough to succeed. [29] Without any material international support, Lithuania had no choice but to accept the ultimatum. "Few appeasers were really prepared to seek peace at any price; few, if any, anti-appeasers were prepared for Britain to make a stand against aggression whatever the circumstances and wherever the location in which it occurred". Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938. Appeasement was not the right policy for England in 1938. In January 1938, the Austrian Nazis attempted a putsch following which some were imprisoned. [56], A few on the left said that Chamberlain looked forward to a war between Germany and the Soviet Union. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Britain's army was too small and too weak. [36] More recently, however, historians have questioned the accuracy of that simple distinction between appeasers and anti-appeasers. Answer Guiding Questions. Students also viewed (agree) Based on the assessment of political will and military power if the other countries back in 1938, Britain and France were simply not ready for a war, and were unwilling to fight a war. Gendering Appeasement, Members of the Government, from 26 October 1951 to 5 April 1955. Ramsay, Scott. If the policy is up-to-date (i.e. [50], In France, the Arme de l'Air intelligence section closely examined the strength of the Luftwaffe and decided the German pursuit planes and bombers were the best in the world and that the Germans were producing 1000 warplanes a month. [45][46], Public opinion in Britain throughout the 1930s was frightened by the prospect of German terror bombing of British cities, which had started during the First World War. Statesmen in the postwar years have often referred to their opposition to appeasement as a justification for firm, sometimes armed, action in international relations. But what England did not know, was that Hitler would take over all of Czechoslovakia and . However the 6 months also gave germany time to rearm and strengthen their army in addition to the arms strength they gained from Czechoslovakia. In document B, they claim that Hitler was given everything and didn't have to work for his position, which ultimately gave Hitler more power than originally intended. [41] Amongst Conservatives, Churchill was unusual in believing that Germany menaced freedom and democracy, that British rearmament should proceed more rapidly and that Germany should be resisted over Czechoslovakia. Germany was able to expand his land for his Master Race. Britain in the 1930s was struggling with the impact of the Depression, and so the country could not afford another war and heavy rearmament. The Labour MP Hugh Dalton identified the policy with wealthy people in the City of London, Conservatives and members of the peerage who were soft on Hitler. I would like to agree with your opinion, however I would like to point out that you did not include one thing. This can also can be shown where Hitler was also useful to them in removing communism. [42] Churchill's sustained warnings about fascism commenced only in 1938 after Francisco Franco, who was receiving aid from Italy in Germany during the Spanish Civil War, decimated the left in Spain. [82] Appeasement was a crisis management strategy seeking a peaceful settlement of Hitler's grievances. The policy appeared to be ineffectual when confronted by the aggression of dictators, notably Germany's Remilitarization of the Rhineland and Italy's Benito Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia. Barros, Andrew, Talbot C. Imlay, Evan Resnick, Norrin M. Ripsman, and Jack S. Levy. A plebiscite was held on 10 April and officially recorded the support of 99.73% of the voters for the Anschluss.[12]. Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938 as it bought the British time to build up its industrial capabilities and also to prepare the economy for war. 3.Round 2: Take out Documents C, D, and E. In April 1938, the Sudeten German Party, led by Konrad Henlein, agitated for autonomy and then threatened, in Henlein's words, "direct action to bring the Sudeten Germans within the frontiers of the Reich". What was Chamberlain's goal for the Munich Agreement? At a debate at the Oxford Union Society in 1933, a group of undergraduates passed a motion saying that they would not fight for King and country, which persuaded some in Germany that Britain would never go to war. To that end, Hitler took violent exception. On September 30, 1938, they signed the Munich Pact, which gave the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany. Although the Allies had prohibited the union of Austria and Germany, their reaction to the Anschluss was mild. Therefore this shows that appeasement was not the right policy for Britain in 1938. After the fact that Germany invaded Poland, which basically started WWII, I think that its safe to say that the appeaseme, nt for England was the wrong policy. At Chamberlain's request, Hitler readily signed an agreement for between the United Kingdom and Germany. However, by the time of the Munich Agreement, which was concluded on 30 September 1938 between Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, the policy was opposed by the Labour Party and by a few Conservative dissenters such as future Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for War Duff Cooper, and future Prime Minister Anthony Eden. It isn't just a cut and dry do it or don't. But appeasement was pursued to prevent war. This is true to a certain extent whereby many saw Hitler as a solution against communist through his actions such as persecuting them and making the communist the scapegoat. ", Hughes, R. Gerald. [22] In 1935, eleven million responded to the League of Nations "Peace Ballot" by pledging support for the reduction of armaments by international agreement. Yes, indeed Hitler did have plans to go expand. [19], In the atmosphere of growing conflict, Mussolini persuaded Hitler to put the dispute to a four-power conference. The 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement had the Britain permit Germany to begin rebuilding the German Navy, including its U-boats, despite Germany having repeatedly violated the Treaty of Versailles. The League declared Italy to be the aggressor and imposed sanctions, but coal and oil were not included since blocking them, it was thought, would provoke war. Similarly, President Lyndon Johnson said to defend the Vietnam War, "Everything I knew about history told me that if I got out of Vietnam and let Ho Chi Minh run through the streets of Saigon, then I'd be doing exactly what Chamberlain did in World War II. At the same time, it gave Germany time to build their army even more and giving sudetenland to Hitler was practically giving Hitler what he wanted. On 26 September, Hitler made a speech at the Sportpalast in Berlin in which he claimed that the Sudetenland was "the last territorial demand I have to make in Europe",[18] and he gave Czechoslovakia an ultimatum of 28 September at 2:00pm to cede the territory to Germany or to face war. Free shipping for many products! Therefore appeasement bought time for Britain in the sense that Communist forces were weaken to a certain extent and would prevent substantial damage if Britain was to engage in a 2 front war ( ie. Spurred by voters who demanded No more war, the leaders of Britain, France, and the United states tried to avoid conflict through diplomacy. ", John Terraine, "The Spectre of the Bomber,", Walter Kaiser, "A case study in the relationship of history of technology and of general history: British radar technology and Neville Chamberlain's appeasement policy.". The Republic of China appealed to the League of Nations and to the United States for assistance. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938. This also helped to avoid Germany from having naval superiority which helped to prevent a naval invasion of Britain. Appeasement was strongly supported by the British upper class, including royalty, big business (based in the City of London), the House of Lords, and media such as the BBC and The Times. Britain and France both bought 6 months of time with the policy to rearm. Since Germany did not have total control of Czechoslovakia, and Hitler had not yet confirmed his non-aggression pact with Russia, it would be easy for the allies to take down Hitler while they had the chance, instead of waiting and watching Germany's mass grow. Chamberlain's policy of appeasement emerged from the failure of the League of Nations and the failure of collective security. I agree. Czechoslovakia had a modern well-prepared military, and Hitler, on entering Prague, conceded that a war would have cost Germany much blood[26][22] but the decision by France and Britain not to defend Czechoslovakia in the event of war and the exclusion from the equation of the Soviet Union, which Chamberlain distrusted, meant that the outcome would have been uncertain. What impact did the appeasement policy of the United States, Britain, and France have on Germany aggression? It didn't work, and ultimately cost Chamberlain his job as Prime "[89] Some conservatives even compared Reagan to Chamberlain after his withdrawal of the Multinational Force in Lebanon because of the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938. The smaller country usually needs to tread lightly and try diplomacy first. 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