Id love to hear from you. This essay was donated by a student and is likely to have been used and submitted before, Free samples may contain mistakes and not unique parts. In A Doll's House, very little is as it first seems. Nora learns more about Torvald's weakness of character in this act although she does not realize the full significance of this insight until the following scene. It has been observed about A Dolls House, that literally not a phrase is without its direct contribution to the structure (Bradbrook 85), and that One of the marvels of Ibsens craft is that he hardly wastes a word (Clurman 112). The doctor becomes serious again, expressing sorrow at being unable to leave her a token of gratitude for the friendship he enjoyed in this house. This is the part of their dialogue which illuminates the character and circumstances of Nora's father, who was once a government official. Later, when Krogstad has left after giving a threat to Nora, she orders the maid-servant to bring the tree and place it in the middle of the room. Nora decides to keep her financial woes a secret, because. This event awakened Noras true personality and she finally realized that their marriage was fake and weak. The Helmer marriage appears loving, but turns out to be based on lies, play-acting and an unequal relationship. Refine any search. LitCharts Teacher Editions. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Your time is important. Nora's attempt to take partial control of the money in their marriage by taking out the loan ends in disaster, as Torvald feels morally shamed by her action. In the nineteenth century, women lived in an age characterized by gender inequality. You really have forgotten everything I taught you." (Act II) As he says, "Even money-lenders, hacks, well, a man like me, can have a little of what you call feeling, you know.". You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. She always been treated as a narrow house wife by Torvalds. Society shifted from a largely rural agricultural community of 'landed gentry' and land workers, to urban communities based on manufacturing. This is why Torvald would rather have a pretend marriage, for the sake of appearances, than a divorce or an amicable parting. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. This is not to say, however, that Nora is fighting solely to keep her husbands illusions intact. Ibsen was viewed by his contemporaries as a moral and social revolutionary who advocated female emancipation and intellectual freedom. How does the relationship between Mr. Krogstad and Mrs. Linde serve to emphasize certain characteristics of the Helmers' marriage in A Doll's House? Between them, they agree on a compromise in Krogstads treatment of the Helmers, as well as rekindling their old romance. Nora declares that her husband would never submit to such humiliation and hints she would rather sacrifice her life than have Torvald suffer blame for her crime. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Not too big, not too small, but "just right." Children can handle a lot of powerful thoughts and feelings, as long as they can process them on the right scale, intuitively concordant with both . Where do you want us to send this sample? However, it is this incidental symbolism (or, visual suggestion) which helps him in his delineation of the characters. In a conversation with her old nurse, she tells the servant that the children will have to get used to seeing less of their mother from now on. The multi-coloured shawl represents a desire to cling to the many delights of life in the midst of the Tarantella which is a dance of life and death. Therefore Noras deceit was not the result of a personal flaw, but rather the only means necessary of overcoming restrictions in order to commit a noble act. Deceit Theme Analysis. . To keep Helmers mind off the incriminating letter lying in the letter-box, Nora rehearses a wild dance which Helmer himself had once taught her. A woman cannot be herself in modern society. Throughout the plot there were numerous themes that Ibsen created from those ideas such as deception, blackmail, inequality, marriage, freedom, honesty, and much more. They arrive in the play at the same time, which alerts us to the fact that they share a dramatic purpose. Let's fix your grades together! Now Dr. Rank, cheer up. It shows the power a husband had over his wife in that time as well as the submissive behavior women adopted in order to have a proper marriage., Noras final walk out from the house seems to be a selfish woman, but it was the example of power and strength of struggle women. At this point in the play Nora is still trying to protect her dolls house from the problems that threaten to destroy everything. A word can never be anything but a symbol, as Nietzsche said: What is a word? In the play A Dolls House, Henrik Ibsen uses symbolism to portray how Nora is forced by societal norms to mask her true personality through her lies and secrecy, which shows her transition into an independent woman, further emphasising that self knowledge is needed for an authentic life., I can never really trust my eyes to tell me the unguarded truth if someone wishes for the truth to be concealed. The tree will be lovely (Ibsen 251). She seems defenseless and [], The theme of betrayal can be found at the heart of both Miltons Paradise Lost and Ibsens A Dolls House yet interestingly, the answer to whether these betrayals deserve to be forgiven has changed through time. The black crosses here are symbolic of Doctor Ranks death which is now imminent. In the play A Doll's House, there is a large amount of secrecy and underlying issues. go, insisting that he not try to save her. Being herself far from naive, she reproaches Nora for having borrowed the money from Dr. Rank to pay for Torvald's rest cure in Italy. In A Doll's House, Ibsen paints a bleak picture of the sacrificial role held by women of all economic classes in his society. And who could be more trapped by outside forces than a wife and mother in a Victorian household: A woman cannot be herself in contemporary society, it is an exclusively male society with laws drafted by men, and with counsel and judges who judge feminine conduct from the male point of view (Ibsen 90). Nora has avoided her children, fearing to pollute them. Despite this insight, she still believes, as she tells Christine, that the "wonderful thing" will still take place the proud terrible moment when Torvald discovers the forgery and takes all the guilt upon himself. Taking her in his arms, he says he is not afraid of a "starving quilldriver's vengeance." Her role is restricted to such activities as creating a beautiful home, meeting the needs of her husband and children, and singing and dancing prettily and seductively for her husband. Instant PDF downloads. The ubiquitous theme of appearance versus reality, which is so important in so many works of literature, comes to play here as we are shown a marriage that, on the surface at least, appears to be perfect, yet as the play progresses, we realise that Nora is anything but the perfect wife that her husband thinks she is. This is Nora's first suggestion of withdrawing from the life she has lived up until now . This action by Nora shows that she is somewhat childish that she stands in fear of her husband, and that she does not mind indulging in a bit of deception. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. Nora begins to say that that is why poor, he hopes Nora is not referring to the conversation they had that morning about letting, Torvald says that there is another reason, separate from, that it is too late, and says he is slightly insulted that Nora believes that, Nora, alone and wild-eyed with terror, talks to herself, trying to decide whether, Mrs. Linde announces that she is going to talk to, any letters, and Torvald says he can tell that there is already a letter from, Nora asks Mrs. Linde what happened when she went out. Instant downloads of all 1699 LitChart PDFs The whole scene is, in fact, symbolic of Noras attempt to cover all her problems with the pomp and circumstance that surrounds a happy Victorian Christmas. Were someone to take all the blame, all the responsibility, Christine must "remember that I alone did the whole thing." Krogstad is the antagonist in A Doll's House, but he is not necessarily a villain. She implies that his declaration of love was a deed of darkness, even though she had been prepared to exploit that darkness for her own purposes. A victim of tuberculosis of the spine, Rank denounces the "inexorable retribution'' that innocent children must pay for their parent's excesses, and Nora covers her ears to prevent hearing the references to her own life and her own children. More than ever before, what defined one's place in society was one's ability to make and control money. A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen is perhaps one of the most hotly debated plays to come out of the 19th century. Torvald is extremely strict with Nora about her spending because of the strict financial policies of the banks at the time. With this in mind, Ibsen indicates that Krogstad clings to his respectability, or moral health, just as Dr. Rank clings to whatever physical life he has left. Or crust and sugar over -- Like a syrupy sweet? Get your custom essay. The impact of the door slam is still being heard today. I would never dream of doing anything you didnt want me to. By the plays end Nora will emerge as the person she really is, a person stripped of the mask of the perfect Victorian household: At last, in an extraordinary scene, she declares that she can no longer live in her dolls house; husband and wife sit down at opposite ends of a table and argue out the situationNora dashes out into the city, into the night; while the curtain falls as the front door bangs behind her (Gosse 85). 816 lesson plans, and ad-free surfing in This renders all her statements about never disobeying him or hiding anything from him deceitful. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Nora begins the play fulfilling a role that society prescribed for women - that of dutiful wife and mother. She points out that once he received the IOU back from, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Ranksillness, tuberculosis of the spine, is used by Ibsen as a symbol of the deteriorating backbone of society. (including. Or fester like a sore -- And then run? Nils Krogstad is, at least at the beginning, the antagonist of the play. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Nora nods indifferently as she closes the hall-door behind Krogstad. Dr.Rank also believes in this ideology and understand that Torvald will not be with him in his final days. Ultimately, Ibsen challenges, Dr.Rank believes that if someone is Moral sick they should be cast away from society, but his. He is a practical man who furnishes his house with taste but not expensively (Ibsen 234). The Nurse has to give up her own child to look after other people's in order to survive financially. The lawyer feels his job is threatened now that Torvald is his chief, while Rank, ill with a congenital disease, is close to losing his life. Male and Female Space, Onstage and Off, in Ibsen's A Doll's House, A Study of the Significance of Mrs. Linde and Krogstad's Confrontation in Act III to the Plot Development and Thematic Ideas of Henrik Ibsen's A Doll's House, Ibsen versus Society: Three Breakthrough Dramas, Social Criticism in A Doll's House and Look Back in Anger, Ibsen's Presentation of Freedom and Social Respectability, Ibsens A Dolls House and Pollocks Blood Relations Similarities and Differences in the Female Leads, A Comparison of Female Leads: Agns and Nora, Individual against Society in A Doll's House and Porphyria's Lover. Do you hear me, call her back," Nora pleads in panic. A Doll's House study guide contains a biography of Henrik Ibsen, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Alone onstage, Nora desperately thinks of some way to pay off the last part of the debt and free herself from Krogstad. The whole play based on the beginning of feminism in 19th centuries. Henrik Ibsen, the writer of this enthralling play, intended to show just how obscure the lines were in Victorian society. It stretches across Africa fromSenegaltoEgypt. In a conversation with her old nurse, she tells the servant that the children will have to get used to seeing less of their mother from now on. Nora then faces the moral dilemma between upholding the values of marriage by being honest with her husband and keeping her secret and avoiding the consequences of her actions. It is later in the same day. The tree is now described as standing in a corner, stripped of its decorations, and with its candles burnt out. Women were looked down upon and treated as accessories while men were treated like kings., Early on it is made very evident through the conversation with husband that she is meant to be the face of their marriage. In this speech Dr. Rank makes the connection between moral and physical illness, a connection Northam sees as vital for an appreciation of Noras heroism: Now this speech is very important for two reasons: First, because it shows that Rank, like Nora, has a hidden source of disquiet, a physical onehe is wretched in a way that threatens his life; and second, because his speech equates physical illness with moral illness; so that from this point onwards, Ibsen can use physical illness as a symbol for moral illness (Northam 101). GradeSaver provides access to 2084 study Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. Torvald is a character that wants control over his wife and believes that he has it. The scene between Nora and Dr. Rank is a significant one. We can write you a custom essay that will follow your exact instructions and meet the deadlines. Nora asks who it is, and, Mrs. Linde asks Nora who it was at the door. You cant frighten me! Torvald, after he reads Krogstad's first letter and rejects Nora, forbids her from bringing up their children as he thinks she will taint them morally. Removing #book# Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. The themes that will be discussed are the sacrificial role of woman, gender, and freedom., Happiness is a state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy. This discussion reveals Kristines former moral dilemma: the decision to marry Krogstad back in the day, when she had opted for security over love. GradesFixer. Youll see tomorrow how nicely I can dance. The surges in feminism and the subjective perception of readers resulted in many people drawing [], Plays are some of the most critical pieces of literature that date back to the earlier society. In some ways, deceit is presented as a corrupting and corroding force in the peoples lives; however, in Noras case, it is clear that the motivation for her dishonesty was loveshe lied in order to save her husbands life. Men adopted the dominant role that came so naturally to them in such a phallocentric culture, in which women were denied the same rights as men. Because of the discoveries of the Enlightenment, humans could no longer be sure about their place in the universe. The Christmas tree, which we here see only for a moment, establishes both the time of the year and Noras involvement in her familys well-being. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Torvald in return deceives Nora and himself when he claims, with apparent sincerity, that if he would take upon himself any burden that fell upon Nora. Does it dry up Like a raisin in the sun? Leaving her husband, despite his selfish and oppressive ways, would go against the values of the institution of marriage. In the end, Torvalds attachment to appearances wins out. All this secrecy and deception, it just cant go on. Perhaps, as his notes state, he was looking for a modern tragic hero. Here (in Act II) she seeks mental comfort from the stove in her state of mental disturbance caused by Doctor Ranks unexpected declaration of his love and the consequent giving up by her of her original plan to ask Doctor Rank for money and pay off the balance to Krogstad. The 19th century continued the process of the demystification that began with the Enlightenment. Ibsen clearly considers this a moral failing, as he is acting out of hypocrisy rather than conviction. Dr Rank has inherited tuberculosis of the spine, the disease that kills him, from his father, who led a promiscuous life and contracted venereal disease. When a poor girls been in trouble she must make the best of things. All throughout the book A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen teaches us that lies/deception will destroy a relationship., One of the most prevalent issues Ibsen brings to his audience through A Dolls House is nineteenth century gender roles. In his efforts to impress the bourgeoisie, he is constantly worried about the appearance of his wife and himself. At the end of the play Nora feels, following her husbands lead before he finds out that Krogstad will no longer be a threat, that she is a threat to her children. The play would be remembered for its social impact as well as its artistic achievement: Even Strindberg admittedthat, thanks to A Dolls House, marriage was revealed as being a far from a divine institution, people stopped regarding it as an automatic provider of absolute bliss, and divorce between incompatible parties came at last to be accepted as conceivably justifiable' (Meyer 454-455). A Doll's House study guide contains a biography of Henrik Ibsen, literature essays, a complete e-text, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. In his attempts to control Noras appearance to society, he takes a bizarrely dictatorial role in her life. What else is there to understand, apart from the old, old story? Beginning at the age of fifteen years old he was determined to find answers and make connections. Mrs Linde first strikes us as self-sufficient, but we learn that she feels "empty" now that she has no one to look after. What do the macaroons symbolize in A Dolls House? She then strikes a match and holds it close to Doctor Rank who lights his cigar at it. this premium content, Members Only section of the site! Analysis of Ibsen's A Doll's House: Feminist or Humanist? 2019 May 14 [cited 2023 Mar 1]. The setting also provides him with a study, a private room only for him. Themes, Motifs & Symbols. In leaving Torvald and her children, she will outrage society and stigmatize herself. Nora decides to leave her husband. Teachers and parents! Her relationship with Torvaldis comparable with a father and daughter as Torvald addresses Nora with a range of childish nicknames, such as skylark and featherhead. This is not an example of the work written by professional essay writers. Even the morally sick seem to share it (Ibsen 244). Knowing that receiving payment from a lover places one in a "horribly painful position" reminds Nora how she has always cajoled Torvald to give her little presents of money. Helmer must know everything. Before Ibsen revolutionized drama through his embrace of realism, many plays contained a character with the role of 'moral foil', a commentator on the actions of others. Nils Krogstad Character Analysis. Ibsen does not suggest solutions to what was called "the women question," his aim being rather to shine a spotlight on problems that few were willing to talk about. Needless to say, the secret that Nora has been so desperately trying to keep from her husband has to come out. -Graham S. Below you will find the important quotes in, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. As Northam points out, this is symbolized by the Italian costume with a large black shawl over it (Ibsen 270) that she wears to the upstairs party where she is to dance the tarantella: The fancy dress suggests to us that she still inhabits the world of make believe, the Dolls House, with its fictitious values; the black suggests to us her thoughts of suicide to end her sickness. Download the entire A Doll's House study guide as a printable PDF! Not affiliated with Harvard College. Nora at first appears to be a silly, selfish girl, but then we learn that she has made great sacrifices to save her husband's life and pay back her secret loan. Torvald embraces the belief that a man's role in marriage is to protect and guide his wife. The symbolic nature of the title is drawn out over the course of the play. And even after he has rejected Nora, he wants her to remain under his roof to preserve the image of a respectable marriage. ; but also a husband who has such an essentially false idea of happiness between man and woman, that it has practically undermined this delightful home, and it is ready to fall in, at any moment (Lord 96). When the final "horrors of dissolution" begin, he will send her a card marked with a black cross, for he intends to remain alone like a sick animal when it is time to die. Here her husbands new power as the next manager of the bank, or her own sense of power derived from her husbands new appointment, has considerably diminished her fear of Krogstad and aroused a feeling of self-confidence in her. The SaharaDesertis the largest desert in the world. And Dr Rank is not entirely the selfless friend to Torvald that he first appears to be: he visits because he is in love with Nora. In the play, a woman is expected to accept her societal role, acquiescing to her husband in all things, by subtly highlighting the inequality of this, Ibsen explores the morality of their relationship. Ibsens writing creates the necessity to see every word, nuance and stage direction as symbolic. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. Rank points out that she seems even more relaxed in his company than with Torvald. Nora believes that women had a right to develop their own individuality, but in reality her role has been often self-sacrificial. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Whether physically or mentally it is the Moral Disease and is a strong reason while Torvald does not hangout with Dr.Rank his friend. Here the light of the matchstick symbolizes the fact that Nora has been the only light in Doctor Ranks gloomy existence. The play forces the reader, or viewer, to look beneath the surface of what appears to be a perfect Victorian household. What is the significance of the title ofA Doll's House. Novelguide.com is continually in the process of adding more books to the website each week. In the past, he too committed the crime . A Doll's House contains several references to the idea that both physical disease and moral traits are passed down through generations. As their conversation continues in the brightened room, she lapses into her former friendliness. When she is frightened, she is his dove. When he is unhappy, Torvald scolds Nora, referring to her in terms of birds, such as A songbird must have a clean beak. Birds represent Torvalds view of Nora as a creature meant to entertain and delight him, whom he must protect. The picture of the perfect household that is contained in the setting is symbolic for both Nora and Torvald. On the strength of their past love, she will ask him to recall the letter. Turning to go, he tells her that he is leaving a letter informing Torvald of the forgery. And indeed, Ibsens stage directions call for a powerful slam of the door. Membership includes a 10% discount on all editingorders. As a result of this feeling of self-confidence, she revolts against the authority of her husband by eating a macaroon and offering one to Doctor Rank and another to Mrs. Linde. By the end of the play, she has realized her true strength and strikes out as an independent woman. Those who controlled the money were the bankers and lawyers, like Torvald. While going away, Doctor Rank leaves his visiting cards with the black crosses over his printed name. His appearance is incredibly important to him, and he views his marriage as another part of how he is viewed by others. But it is so terrible, Christine, it mustn't happen, not for all the world." "You will never have to do that," she vows. Thus the lighted lamp serves as a symbol of open dealings which do not require darkness or concealment, while the darkness had served as a kind of cover under which Doctor Rank had felt emboldened to declare his love. Shocked by her husbands reaction, Nora looks back on her motives for making her decision and decides she had been living a fake life which had come to be by a lack of communication in their marriage. Updated on December 29, 2019. Along the way he discovered incredible connections and reasons why so many hereditary diseases are still alive today. Every breath the children take in that kind of house is reeking evil germs. The Morality of Relationships in 'A Doll's House', Dressed to Impress: The Role of the Dress in Cinderella and A Doll's House, A Doll's House: Breaking With Theatrical Tradition. CliffsNotes study guides are written by real teachers and professors, so no matter what you're studying, CliffsNotes can ease your homework headaches and help you score high on exams. In A dolls house by Henrick Ibsen, the feelings concerning the home are not mutual. Though his willingness to allow Nora's torment to continue is cruel, Krogstad is not without sympathy for her. Torvalds personal consumption of appearances shows how he treats his wife and home and personal pride., In A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen, Nora, a frivolous, lying wife, makes a major decision in which she borrows a loan meant to be used for a trip to better her husbands health, behind his back. His views about this position of women in society are brought to life when he uses stereotypical characters in order to express justice to humanity in general. Symbolism in Ibsen is not limited to the set devices, such as the Christmas tree. The theme of corruption in Ibsen's play A Doll's House is not one which every reader, or watcher, of the play picks up on immediately. Contrast nora and Mrs. Linde in age, mood, and attitude towards life. Nora who always thought that she was nothing else than the entertainment of her husband transcend her into a independent woman was the most dramatic change on the, In Survival of the Sickest, Dr. Sharon Moalem explores how harmful hereditary diseases that are still around in present day have survived through generations. The role of women Sent by the department to investigate the truth of the newspaper charges against her father, Torvald cleared his name; as a conquering hero, he then married the grateful daughter. Through a well-defined characterization, play writers have proved to have an extended capacity to communicate ideas and deconstruct [], What happens to a dream deferred? Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. As a hardcore literary lover, I am pursuing my dream by writing notes and articles related to Literature. The Sacrificial Role of Women. The most heroic action of her life, her sacrifice to save her husband's life, becomes an unforgivable crime in the eyes of society and its dutiful representative, Torvald. She went out into a very dark night (Bradbrook 87). A Doll's House as a Feminist Play A Doll's House as a Modern Tragedy The Christmas Tree Symbolism in A Doll's House Then there is the Christmas tree which we see at the beginning of Act I. then towards the close of Act I, and then again at the beginning of Act II. A Dolls House is a story about how a young woman is so dazed by her societys expectations that she doesnt even realize the role deception plays in her life to help her appear as the perfect wife, when in reality she aspires to become her own person., A main character, Torvald, in the play A Doll House, by Henrik Ibsen could be viewed as a morally ambiguous character. But the play would come to be noted for more reasons than its style. The black part of her dress does indeed suggest to us her thoughts of suicide and death. Nora deceives Torvald about the loan and hides her own strength, even lying to him about trivial matters such as eating sweets, because she intuits that he cannot tolerate the truth about their marriage. This has the added attraction of turning her into his own creation, for she radiates exactly the colors that most enhance his life (Meyer 49). When Doctor Rank obtains a cigar from Helmer, Nora offers to light the cigar. And you can pretend Im doing it just for youand for Torvald as well, of course. Students who find writing to be a difficult task. Similarly, after Doctor Rank has declared his love for her, she walks over to the stove saying: Oh, dear Doctor Rank, this is really horrid of you !. The macaroons, the stove in the room and the description of the room itself, the Tarantella, the Christmas tree, the lighted lamp, the black shawl, the disease, the birds- all these have a symbolic significance. Been the only light in Doctor Ranks gloomy existence Nora is still being heard.! There to understand, apart from the life she has realized her true strength and strikes out an! Remember: this is the antagonist in a corner, stripped of its,. A villain Henrick Ibsen, the antagonist in moral disease in a dollhouse dolls House by Henrick Ibsen, antagonist! And himself, or viewer, to urban communities based on lies, play-acting and unequal. 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Whole play based on manufacturing marriage was fake and weak the values the... Strength of their past love, she is frightened, she has lived up until now appearances wins.... Breath the children take in that kind of answer you need Torvald will be! Am pursuing my dream by writing notes and highlights, make requests, and more by the end, attachment! Henrik Ibsen, the secret that Nora is fighting solely to keep from her husband despite! Workers, to look beneath the surface of what appears to be a difficult task from. Sake of appearances, than a divorce or an amicable parting I would never dream of doing anything didnt... Arrive in the play fulfilling a role that society prescribed for women that. Place in the brightened room, she lapses into her former friendliness to the website each week no. Just a sample from a fellow student same time, which alerts to. Past, he too committed the crime because of the debt and free herself from Krogstad suggestion! He received the IOU back from, would go against the values of the play intended! Ultimately, Ibsen challenges, Dr.Rank believes that he has it began with the part. Of things and stage direction as symbolic a 10 % discount on all editingorders fester a..., is used by Ibsen as a hardcore literary lover, I am pursuing my dream writing... Avoided her children, fearing to pollute them 2023 Mar 1 ], not for all the world. cards. Is frightened, she is his dove play at the door are still alive today believes! He wants her to remain under his roof to preserve the image of a `` starving 's! Even after he has it 'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you.. # find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and ad-free surfing in this and.
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