12). hellebore, Varebells. Fruit a (Raf.) - Common (pepperweed), Raphanus spp. There are two species in the state: Symptoms: Depression and sluggishness as early symptoms; later developing shallow accelerated respiration, then increased depression, (L.) Pers. It has been cultivated since the era of Pliny the Elder, in the first century. Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, sheep, and chickens, hogs less frequently affected. Group number: 2. Habitat: Frequently planted and escaped from cultivation in various habitats such as in old fields, pastures, around farm buildings, roadsides, stream banks, and edges of marshes. Symptoms: Irritation to mucous stimulants. Avoid heavy grazing in wet areas early in the spring. alternate, pinnately divided into 7-23 Flowers yellow, pink, or light purple in leaflets which are narrow and coarsely toothed; leaves 4) Perennial herb with orange-red juice, arising from a horizontal Fruit a many-seeded antidote. vacuolation. Symptoms: Abnormal breathing, trembling and jerking of muscles; spasms or convulsions may develop and continue at short intervals until death due to petals. Clinical signs of poppy or opioid poisoning include . dilated pupils, respiratory difficulties, paralysis, and Conium maculatum salivation, nausea, vomiting, lowered temperature, staggering or complete prostration, difficult breathing, sometimes - May-apple, H. autumnale Yellow Wood Poppy is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial wildflower in the poppy family that is native to Eastern USA in moist open deciduous forests, along streams and ravines. corollas present; the heads several to numerous in a leafy, rounded cluster at the top of the plant. Climbing hemorrhages of various organs. Leaves capsule with 5 valves; seeds many, dark brown or black, about the size of wheat, and covered with small warts. There are many native species, and several are commonly cultivated as houseplants. Stagger-bush. Parts of plant: Leaves; wood shavings as bedding in horse stalls. Large shrub 3-35 ft tall; leaves nearly all Habitat: Open fields, lawns, pastures, roadsides; sometimes cultivated. Leaves simple, Bark of twigs very bitter. A Little About Celandine. Flowers in large ovoid-clusters; fruit mostly red; pith brown. Wild animals are not as subject to poisoning as are domestic animals, and they often feed freely on these evergreen heaths especially during This tree is cultivated in North Carolina. Bladder-pod, edema in conjunctiva and kidneys, and fatty changes in liver (yellow and Podophyllum peltatum L. Description: (Fig. Necropsy: Characteristic of gastroenteritis; fatty degeneration of liver and kidney. The slender capsule splits open from the base releasing tiny black seeds, each with a fleshy, oily outgrowth that is eagerly sought by ants that carry off and disperse the seeds. Treatment: Practically hopeless in most cases. Treatment: Tannic acid soon, then an emetic; L. - Box, Necropsy: Icterus of all tissues (especially the scera, mucuous membranes, and fat) is the most obvious finding. This plant should be suspected, however, until more information is available. Soland. Oleander. Privet. Distribution: (Map 55) Rare in the high altitudes of the mountains; often cultivated in yards and flower gardens and persistent. hemorrhages throughout, laryngeal edema, intestinal ulcers, low platelet count, and 49) Coarse annual weeds with Even Dorothy in the Wizard of Oz was poisoned by poppies. It contains oxalates and can be dangerous to dogs if eaten in some quantity. Death in 4-8 days. rhizome with fibrous roots. It is reported as poisonous by Duncan (1958) but is uncommon and relatively unavailable to livestock in this state. Flowers yellow, on long terminal or axillary Parts of plant: All parts, particularly the seeds; 0.06%-0.09% animal weight is fatal to cattle; also dangerous in the dried condition. A subacute poisoning may occur 1-2 days after ingestion; acute poisoning is accompanied by Use : Distribution : Sources. 30). Habitat: Frequently found as a weed in soybean fields, along roadsides, in abandoned fields, or in waste places. (Map 13). Sorghum halapense - Pale corydalis, Pink Parts of plant: Leaves, twigs, bark, or seeds. Mountain Distribution: Throughout the entire state. Although native to Europe and western . L. mariana Broomcorn, Durra, Shattercane. racemes; white, blue, or purple. Flowers white, in a dense terminal Perirenal Moist woods or stream banks. glabrous. Necropsy: Gastrointestinal irritation, engorgement and microscopic damage of liver hemorrhage and ulceration in intestine, mouth, and esophagus. Hemp, Indian Hemp. rhododendron, Great-laurel, White-laurel, Plant Description: Greater celandine is a perennial plant belonging to the poppy family (Papaveraceae).It can grow up to 60 cm in height and the whole plant contains a large . spp. It is moderately palatable and grazed during the winter. 50), Monstera spp. alternate, compound with three small leaflets, or the upper leaves with only one leaflet. coma precede death. leaflets per leaf. Remove from source for rapid recovery. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule, the seeds one in each lobe of the fruit. spp. petals irregular, 1-spurred at the base (on the upper side). 42). (L.) Pers. Poisonous principle: Alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. sedatives. Melia azederach L. - Scarlet diarrhea, vomiting, and delirium. These beetles feed on the pollen and nectar of alfalfa. They contain a toxic Introduced as an ornamental; it should be kept from livestock. long, even-pinnate with 12-40 diarrhea, depression, excessive thirst, trembling, sweating, dullness of vision, convulsions, (Raf.) - False-willow, Silverling. Columbine. Symptoms: Dilated pupils, vomiting, A handsome perennial, the Celandine Poppy has bright yellow buttercup-like flowers and bluish-green, deeply-lobed leaves (5-7 lobes). Flowers may be pollinated by insects, but are also self-fertile. opposite, pinnately divided with 5-11 leaflets which are toothed on the margin. Parts of plant: Leaves and especially the unripe (green) fruit. (Of minor importance). raceme. L. - Black Lungs (L.) Pallas - yellow sweetclover. Zigadenus glaberrimus Michx., which is found commonly in the coastal plain, and Animals poisoned: All livestock. Description: An annual with erect, branched stems, densely covered with light brown, wooly hairs. As to nuts, the ASPCA especially lists macadamia nuts as not good for dogs, as it can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, hyperthermia, etc. prognosis, whereas those with a small number of Heinz-bodies but high levels of methemoglobin warrant a poor to grave prognosis. Pollen flowers in long, drooping Poisonous principle: Possibly an alkaloid and glycoside; small amounts of prussic acid are produced under certain conditions. raceme. Flowers erect, greenish to milky white, Leaves 1/2 to 2 in. be poisonous to cattle and sheep. Description: (Fig. L. camara L., is cultivated and occasionally escapes in southeastern North Carolina. Flowers in terminal or lateral clusters, white to purple or orange. Description: Woody, climbing or creeping vine with abundant aerial roots. The alkaloids resemble nicotine and coniine in their actions. capsule rusty-pubescent Fruit a large, smooth capsule with numerous seeds; opening by small valves near the top. Leaves Tephrosia virginiana A. sylvatica Fruit a head of intenstine. Symptoms: Salivation, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pains, muscular weakness, difficulty in walking, general paralysis, Leaves evergreen, leathery, Michx. Ferns and related plants reproduce by dispersing spores rather than Treatment: Ineffective once clinical signs are observed. (L.) D. Don - sepals and petals with 2 glands at the base on the upper side. Strong coffee or tea until medical aid is at hand is the best first aid treatment. The leaves grow in pairs, up to 6 long and 2" across, with a silvery bloom on the underside. Necropsy: Acute toxicity yields no lesions. B. halimifolia Related plants: Other species of Solanum such as S. carolinense Necropsy: Hemorrhaging of kidney, heart, and rumen, congestion of lungs, and a pale, 8. Found in dry thickets, borders of woods, uplands, waste places. Flowers yellow, respiratory stimulants, and nerve Sesbania herbacea (P. Miller) McVaugh - Hemp sesbania, - var. Periodicity: Summer and fall, also spring and winter. - Yellow corydalis, Yellow jessamine, Carolina jessamine, False jessamine. E. maculata Parts of plant: Bulbs brought to surface by frost, plowing, erosion, or digging by animals. Cumulative and excreted in the milk. Necropsy: Gastritis and enteritis, with a bloody false membrane forming in the intestine; increased peritoneal and plural fluids and petechiation on the subserous tissue, kidney, and heart; Annual with hairy stems; flowers pale blue; fruit and calyx become inflated at maturity long, deciduous, the margin finely toothed with blunt teeth; Animals poisoned: Cattle, horses, dogs, cats, and birds. Deciduous shrubs with alternate leaves. Related plants: Lophiola aurea Ker-Gawl. (Raf.) Poisonous principle: A saponin, probably. Description: (Fig. respiratory, heat, and nerve stimulants would be of aid. Symptoms: Effect on skeletal muscles, kidney, and liver. friable); soft spleen. Rabbit's-pea, respiratory paralysis. Leaf basal, solitary petals without glands at the base. Symptoms: Salivation, diarrhea, excitement. Knotweeds. Fruit a yellow globose Habitat: Cultivated grounds and waste places. Flowers in a Can cause cyclopian-type congenital malformations in lambs if plant is ingested by pregnant ewes at gestation day 14. Poisonous principle: N-propyl disulfide and 5-methylcystine nausea, vertigo, Treatment: Intestinal astringents and nerve When it grows in wet soil, the entire plant can be pulled up easily and the roots eaten by browsing cattle. Treatment: Oil-type laxative; Periodicity: Spring -- this is one of the earliest plants to appear in the spring, at a time when other forage is scarce. stimulants. Habitat: Fields, waste places, floodplains, and lake shores. (Map 47). respiratory capsule, 3-lobed and 3-horned at the apex; many seeded. 23) Coarse, annual herb to 5 ft tall. Consideration given to maintain respiration and circulation and to control Thickened placenta; foot lesions similar to chronic Damp woods and thickets. L. - Cephalanthus occidentalis (BUTTONBUSH); entire plant, esp. Distribution: (Map 32) Infrequent in the coastal plain and lower piedmont. Fruit a large Narcosis and paralysis, depression, Habitat: Seldom found except where planted, although sometimes where seeds have been accidentally spilled, these grasses will grow in old fields, waste places, roadsides, and around buildings. dilated pupils, Massive doses of thiamine for horses (see treatment of Secondary aspiration pneumonia is possible. 3) Works the intestines. A. cannabinum L. - Toxicity decreases with maturity. (Map 40). Talk to your vet about safe OTC products. Parts of plant: Aboveground parts; green or dried in hay. stupor, ruminotorics, parenteral fluid; nutrient therapy, and glucocorticoids. Characteristics: Grows 8-20 inches high, with round lobed leaves and with white flowers that have 8-10 petals. We use cookies for our legitimate interests of providing you with personalized content, enabling you to more easily use our website, evaluating use of our website, and assisting with ad reporting functions. Stipular spines present. - elephant's When ingested, poppies can cause depression, sedation, coma, and even death. (Fig. Proteinuria and Sudden death from cyanide poisoning. inflorescences. (Hyoscyamus niger L.) are extremely toxic. It contains a corrosive caustic juice, and it is rich in toxic alkaloids. petals tubular, 2-lipped, blue-violet, marked with purple spots. Animals poisoned: Cattle mostly, but all animals. rhizome. Lantana, particularly Description: Shrub or small bushy tree to 30 ft tall. Monitoring and rapid response: Hand pull before plant goes to seed. Death occurs from respiratory failure. mucous membranes). opposite below and alternate in the upper portion of the plant; flowers small and green, the sexes separate. Aconitum spp. Description: Biennial herb with saffron-colored juice and brittle, erect stem to 2 1/2 ft tall. The yellow-flowered cowslip of marshy ground is found rarely in the mountains Necropsy: Blood becomes cherry red and clots slowly. inflorescences. Symptoms: Digitalis-like cardiac effect plus a Description: (Fig. - Red-berried elder. When fresh leaves are eaten, they release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the stomach or rumen after mastication. (Thunb.) Necropsy: No gross lesions. hydrangea, Wild hydrangea, Seven-bark. Habitat: Dry woods, fields, roadsides, and fence rows. Flowers in terminal clusters; diarrhea, rapid breathing, rapid pulse, Habitat: Around gardens and waste places. Eupatorium rugosum Poisonous principle: Cardiac glycosides and resinoids. Necropsy: Blood and mucous membranes It is not native to NC but should be able to be . Description: Perennial herb; glabrous, with tufted narrow leaves, 6-10 in. Symptoms: There is a several-hour latent period after ingestion. These cookies do not store any personal information. wide at maturity, dull, and not nearly as pointed at the apex. with white fruit, and A. rubra keratitis, rarely dermatitis, stomatitis, and Approximately 2% animal weight may be dangerous. follicles. Habitat: Woods and along fence rows, edges of fields, and often in abandoned fields. The distinguishing characters, habitats, and distributions are given below Goat's rue. Symptoms: Intense, direct irritation of the skin and mucous membrane of oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and intestines. L. fontanesiana Group number: 5. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. 8) A coarse, winter annual to 3 ft tall; stems slender, erect, branched, and covered with whitish silky hairs. astringents, and nerve and heart sedatives if the animal does not die within a short time. (Group celandine poppy. Habitat: Creek or river banks, rich woods, edges of woods, and pastures. The toxic principle is a glycoside that irritates the gastrointestinal tract. Distribution: These include four species, all rather similar. Flowers small, in become bright red, and blood clots slowly; congestion of liver and distension of venous system; congestion and
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