1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, The President John F. Kennedy Assassination Records Collection, John McAdams (The John F. Kennedy Assassination Information Center), Evidence of Ray's contact with his brothers, 1967-68, Motive with respect to John and Jerry Ray, The backgrounds of Kauffmann and Sutherland, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. James Lawson, a Memphis pastor and civil rights institution who helped mentor King, said he began visiting Ray in the Memphis jail in 1969 when Ray complained about being held in solitary. The same NSRP member said there were plans to kill Martin Luther King. Ray, a hardened thief, robber and a sometimes-moody liar, assassinated the Rev. The jury was clearly convinced by the extensive evidence that was presented during the trial that, in addition to Mr. Jowers, the conspiracy of the Mafia, local, state and federal government agencies, were deeply involved in the assassination of my husband.. An egregious example of shoddy workmanship is the book The Making of an Assassin by George McMillan. Benny taught me how to type. When ODells position as a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party was revealed in 1961, King supposedly fired him. Martin Luther King Jr. Was James earl ray white? It is known that, after escaping from Jeff City, James Earl Ray went to Chicago, where Jerry Ray was living. In the five decades since Martin Luther King Jr.was shot dead by an assassin at age 39, his children have worked tirelessly to preserve his legacy, sometimes with sharply different views on how best to do that, an article in the March 30 Washington Post said. Later in life his pleas for a trial were encouraged by some civil-rights leaders, notably the King family. Long before Ray was captured-before anyone could have known the details of what had happened in Memphis--the U.S. government had committed itself to the lone assassin theory; to such an extent, I was told later by white extremists in the South, that they were surprised by the government's failure to question even such notable racists as J.B. Stoner or leading figures in the Ku Klux Klan. I got to know him better when he came to Jeff City with a sentence for robbery. These claims led Kings estate to sue Jowers in 1999 for a symbolic $100 in a wrongful death civil action. Stoner had trouble getting into the case, however . 10 Disturbing and Unexplained Facts About James Earl Ray, MLK's Assassin. The paper then listed some of the ways Levison had supported and influenced King, as far back as 1956: He actively involved himself in fundraising drives for King. King's convicted killer, James Earl Ray, pled guilty to his murder, received a life sentence, and died in prison of natural causes 29 years later. They laid out the evidence before he entered his plea, and he said, OK. He said his lawyers were incompetent, and that proved false. When Ray pled guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in prison, his role in the assassination was a matter of serious dispute. It seems clear to me that there was a conspiracy to murder King, and that James Earl Ray was involved. King said he liked the idea. One thing never mentioned about Ray's time in Jefferson City is the fact he had a nearly exemplary conduct record, with the exception of the two escape attempts. Ray spent the rest of his life in prison and suffered with kidney and liver ailments in his last years. Under the sub-head Communist Exposed, the paper went on to reveal more about ODell: King was forced to get rid of Hunter Pitts ODell in October, 1962, when several newspaper articles exposed ODells connection with SCLC and his communist affiliations. Drupal theme by ThemeSnap.com, That is why he could never have been a major drug dealer. The restaurant owner named Memphis Police . Guys told me he would hound you relentlessly if you owed him a quarter, but he wouldn't threaten you with violence. There were always convict clerks assigned to the reception area, and the fingerprints could have been switched--either because Ray had paid someone to do it, or, just as likely, because some convict wanted to help Ray beat the system. They were not going to have me, or any other convict, expounding on the subject of Ray. James Earl Ray could easily have placed complete faith in Stoner. Jerry began to follow my lead, and that became a source of friction among me, Laster and Westberg. So, even if I conceded the possibility that Ray had sold drugs, it would have been in small quantities, and for a brief period of time. 14. The New Times article also asserted that Jerry Ray, if he were involved, might have been duped himself-might have thought he was setting up something other than an assassination. The explanation is much simpler. Westberg was warned, and hurriedly got out of the box, which was then filled with bread. James Earl Jones. Also available from Amazon, With the purpose of writing about true crime in an authoritative, fact-based manner, veteran journalists J. J. Maloney and J. Patrick OConnor launched Crime Magazine in November of 1998. I grew up in one of the toughest neighborhoods in South Central Los Angeles. Almost everyone felt sure the government would want to avoid a never-ending search for conspirators in the King case, and would accomplish that by presenting its evidence at Ray's trial. Very few conservatives are aware of the pledge's socialist origins. He is a male registered to vote in Wayne County, Michigan. The paper quotes Kings statement explaining his strategy: To dislocate the function of a city without destroying it can be more effective than a riot, because it can be longer lasting, costly to society, and not wantonly destructive., Kings admission that the strategy he planned for Washington, D.C, would be costly to society is startling in view of a fact noted in The Urban Institute report, Our Changing City, which observed: 1950 also marked the start of the white exodus to the suburbs. No one else I knew did either. All three bore the fingerprints of an escaped convict named James Earl Ray. Now he is presumed to be guilty until he proves his innocence. He volunteered for Wallaces campaign and was very disappointed when Wallace could not win the campaign. With the release of this FBI document, however, it seems that the FBI and the JBS were on the same page regarding King. After several days, the prison officials concluded that Ray had actually escaped, and they put out an alarm. In 1983, President Ronald Reagan signed the holiday into law, and it was first recognized three years later. You tend to know a great deal about people you've never met. Shortly before his seventh birthday, in 1935, his father passed a bad check and the Rays fled to Ewing, Missouri, where they changed their name to Raynes to avoid . King's killing sent shock waves through American society at the time, and is still regarded as a landmark. Different convicts had different hustles to make money. As a reporter and columnist for this newspaper, I had the chance to interview the incarcerated Ray numerous times before his death on April 23, 1998. McMillans false scenarios portray Ray as a rabid racist in prison. "[10], In August 2015, Brown served five days in the Shelby County Jail after having been held in contempt of court in March 2014. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). (Credit: State of Tennessee, Earl Warren/AP Photo), Coretta Kings specific belief in Rays innocence is a little tougher to explain. Speech of Senator Robert C. Byrd, Senate Journal, Appendix Two, March 29, 1968. James Earl Ray. I spent virtually all of 1962 in solitary. He reacted as if King's remarks were directed at him personally. She told a congressional subcommittee that while she was a member of the Communist Party, she knew Martin Luther King to be closely connected with the Communist Party. Brown joined The American Opinion Speakers Bureau, and while on the lecture circuit, she told audiences that King was the hero of Americas Communists. This time, Ray rented an apartment for $100 a month at 1535 N. Serrano Ave., a. In 1997, Kings son Dexter met Ray in prison and asked him whether he had killed his father. It was then learned he'd been the site engineer for the West German Pavilion at Expo '67 in Montreal. [4] By 1978, Brown became the first African-American prosecutor in Memphis, and he later directed the Memphis public defender's office. He was deemed not fit for military service due to the lack of discipline. James Earl Ray was the assassin of American Baptist minister and civil rights activist, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Ray was born in on March 10, 1928 in a poor Irish-American family of Alton, Illinois, and was raised a Catholic. They might not have been involved in the murder, McMillian observes of the FBI, but I wish people knew the really shameful things that they did.. Never afraid to share his political views, Grammer is known for his conservative values. "Somebody's gotta get him.". During the 1950 and 60s, the FBI surveilled and harassed King, his family and his associates. The facts are these. He said that another person he met in Canada by the name Raoul was the actual person who plotted the murder and ultimately pulled the trigger. Kelsey Grammer. Warden Swenson of the Jeff City prison immediately issued an edict that convicts could no longer correspond with editors. james earl ray political partymr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . If you saw the movie Boyz n the Hood, that was the way I grew up. Jerry Ray had moved in with Stoner, and shot an intruder who broke into Stoner's office which was in the same building as the living quarters. In the year 1959, he was caught stealing $120 from a Kroger Store in St. Louis. PRPhotos. Top of Page The coffee was contraband. He was a skinny guy with sandy hair and a cultured, slightly arrogant manner. While he was still in Los Angeles, Ray had the desire to immigrate to Rhodesia (now called Zimbabwe) where a white minority regime declared independence from England in the year 1965. Ray, a white supporter of segregationist George Wallace, was a career criminal whod been convicted at least four separate times for robbing a cafe, a taxi, a post office and a grocery store. That year, Kings son Dexter Scott King visited Ray in prison to draw attention to the familys push to appeal his case. The next section of the FBI paper was subheaded Strong Communist Influence. It pulled no punches in stating: Another complicating factor in the picture is the degree of communist influence on King. James Earl Ray, a 40-year-old convicted armed robber who had escaped from the Missouri State Penitentiary in Jefferson City, Mo., on April 23, 1967, pleaded guilty on March 10, 1969, in Shelby County (Tenn.) Criminal Court to the first degree murder of Dr. King. Search for the Killer (April 4- June 8, 1968), the Young & Morrow rooming house Examine the rooming house where James Earl Ray stayed on the day of the assassination, the bathroom window documented as the site of the fatal shot, evidence recovered at the scene, and evidence leading to the capture and arrest of James Earl Ray. The paper stated that King had announced that this action would disrupt the normal course of business and, in fact, close down the nations capital. On June 8 he was apprehended by London police at Heathrow Airport as he was about to embark for Brussels; the FBI had established him as the prime suspect almost immediately after the assassination. James Earl Ray Sirhan Sirhan Jack Ruby. FACT CHECK: We strive for accuracy and fairness. When authorities caught him in London, hed been planning to travel to Rhodesia, a former African state ruled by a white minority in present-day Zimbabwe. He was a founder and the long-time chairman of the National States' Rights Party as well as the publisher of its newsletter, The Thunderbolt. In the 1950s, Ray became notorious as a petty criminal, and by the end of the decade he was a failed pornographer who had served some jail time and successfully completed a prison escape. A year before, hed escaped from Missouri State Penitentiary while serving a 20-year sentence, and was on the lam at the time King was shot. The bureau wiretapped his phone and monitored his movements, taking advantage of times when he seemed particularly upset or depressed. Earl Rays family had problems with the law enforcement ever since he was a child. King still tried to hide ODell in his organization until July, 1963, when he accepted ODells resignation. As King put it, ODells release was not because of connections between ODell and the CPUSA but because of the emotional public response. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. My review took issue with many assumptions in the book, such as those centering on Ray's involvement with drugs in prison, and how he escaped from Jefferson City. Based on the results of a civil trial in 1999, Byrds speech would have almost necessarily have played an even more direct role if the verdict is to be accepted. When the day came, Ray walked up to the bread box, got in, and asked a guy named Don to cover him. The only thing publicity could do was further humiliate them. [16] Brown surrendered to the Shelby County Sheriff on August 27, 2015, to serve his five-day sentence at the Shelby County Corrections Facility in Memphis. Ray was one of a group of five inmates who escaped from Brushy Mountain State Penitentiary in June 1977, which Kershaw claimed was additional proof that Ray had been involved in a conspiracy that had provided him with the outside assistance he would have needed to break out of jail. Ray died on April 23, 1998 at the Columbia Nashville Memorial Hospital due to Hepatitis C at the age of 70. He later joined the American army at the end of the Second World War and served in Germany. While taking dancing classes, he was attracted to the presidential campaign of George Wallace. Four days after that, Martin Luther King, Jr. was dead. On Feb. 17, 1997, while working for The Tennessean, I sat in the office of ReverendKings youngest son, Dexter, then chairman, president and chief executive officer of the King Center for Non Violent Social Change in Atlanta, as he told me why his family felt Ray should have a new trial. I first met Benny Edmondson at the Algoa Reformatory in 1956, where he was teaching typing at the school. When I got out the third time, I worked in the Tag Plant. Brown has spoken about how his upbringing shaped his philosophy. Westberg was involved in several more escape plots, but he had so much heat on him he could never personally use the routes he discovered. (In the period 1963-64, there were 550 serious assaults inside Jefferson City, including hundreds of stabbings, which is why, An egregious example of shoddy workmanship is the book. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Kings convicted killer, James Earl Ray, pled guilty to his murder, received a life sentence, and died in prison of natural causes 29 years later. While attending law school, Brown worked as a substitute teacher. Also, after he moved to St. Louis he lived in south St. Louis, an area known for its racism. More:Manhunt in the mountains: James Earl Ray and the Brushy Mountain Prison breakout of 1977. Although Ray had two attempted escapes on his record, he did not have nearly as much heat on him as Westberg. and condition of the Q64 bullet. In fact, King's family was as convinced of Ray's innocence as the families of Nicole and Ron were convinced of Simpson's guilt. USA.gov, The U.S. National Archives and Records Administration Weirich responded: "Its a sad day that someone that out of touch with reality considers himself a viable candidate for one of the important positions in Shelby County. Could Chinas Petroyuan Give Rise to a New World Energy Order? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Wait Who? Undercover Agent, was an undercover agent for the FBI in the Cleveland area. Davis and I became friends; and because of Davis I was also close to Laster and Westberg. A staunch segregationist, Earl Ray could not stomach the integration policies of King. As an indication of just how much Robert Welch, the Founder of The John Birch Society, was on top of Kings communist connection, he wrote the following words for May 1968 John Birch Society Bulletin just two months after the FBI report, which had been classified as secret: During this career of a brief dozen years, [King] was constantly surrounded by, and associated with, Communists. From 1961 through 1965 I used a substantial amount of amphetamine, and so did many of the people I associated with, and I never bought any from James Earl Ray. That caused the Reverend Emanuel Cleaver, then executive director of the Kansas City Chapter of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (and now Mayor of Kansas City, Missouri) to send a request to Missouri Gov. Benny and I studied programming together, and in 1966 we worked in the programming office together. In no uncertain terms, Byrd was calling on Johnson to stop Kings march on D.C. Declassified FBI Paper Reveals Martin Luther Kings Sexual Aberrations, Martin Luther King Day Based on MLKs Image, Not Reality, Martin Luther King: The Celebration of a Myth. Said Byrd: Yesterday, Mr. President, the Nation was given a preview of what may be in store for this city by the outrageous and despicable riot that Martin Luther King helped to bring about in Memphis, Tenn. In 1977, New Times magazine suggested that Jerry Ray and "Raoul" were one and the same. Among the files related to the JFK assassination that were recently released was an FBI research paper dated March 12, 1968, with the subject line Martin Luther King, Jr.: A Current Analysis. The paper was written just a month before the controversial civil-rights activist was shot and killed on April 4, 1968. Dexter King, son of slain civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr., meeting with James Earl Ray the man who confessed to killing King. Warren writes from Texas and can be reached at wmass@thenewamerican.com. Riots erupted in Memphis; one person was killed and sixty were injured. Although Benny was eventually released from prison and returned to work for the engineering firm he'd been employed by at the time of his arrest in Canada, interest in him by then had died out, and the book was never published. (Several authors have said it was "common knowledge" in Jeff City that you could go to England and acquire an ID the way Ray did. In King vs. Loyd Jowers and conspirators unknown, there were 70 witnesses called; twelve jurors found in favor of the King family, which held a press conference after the verdict. I had met with him twice while in Memphis at Jims Grill, which was near the boarding house. About two months later, Ray tried to escape, and he came to E-Hall. He filmed local prostitutes during their work hours in pursuit of his cinematographic dream, but he eventually left Puerto Vallarta after being jilted by his girlfriend who, coincidentally, was also one of the prostitutes he filmed. The project, while stopping short of violent riots, nevertheless advocated widespread civil disobedience (a nonviolent, but nevertheless illegal activity) that King said he and 3,000 of his followers planned on staging in Washington that spring. None. I wholeheartedly applaud the verdict of the jury and I feel that justice has been well served in their deliberations, she said. Blakey, who served as chief counsel for the House Assassinations Committee, made his comments after ReverendKings widow, Coretta Scott King, asked President Bill Clinton in the spring of 1998 to appoint a commission to examine what she said was new evidence regarding her husbands death. His fathers name was George Ellis Ray and his mothers name was Lucille. All the seven prisoners who escaped from the prison were recaptured within two days and sent back to the prison. The 20-page paper, which was classified as secret, was reviewed by the FBI/JFK Task Force in 1994, which denied the release of its contents. He knew we viewed Ray as a not-too-bright hillbilly. The crisis at the Democratic National Convention marked a . For years after Ray's capture there was a close association between Stoner and Jerry Ray, James Earl Ray's brother. Ray said he wasnt in the room when King was shot, but he was unable to consistently explain where he had been, or keep other important details in his story straight. In 1999, James Earl Ray was found innocent of killing Martin Luther King Jr. in the same way O.J. I'll be out of here very shortly on a Petition for Habeas Corpus and I'll bring up all these problems and guess what, you might not be operating tomorrow. Ray believed in white supremacy and had strong prejudice against the black people. For the television series, see, "I left the Demo Pty Plantation long ago I'm an Independent", "Voters verdict: Weirich over TV's Joe Brown", "TV's Judge Joe Brown Arrested In Tennessee", "Former TV Judge Joe Brown Stumbles In Bid To Become Tennessee District Attorney", Judge Joe Brown uncorks a shocker taunting Weirich about her sexuality Memphis Flyer Jackson Baker July 2, 2014, "District Attorney Weirich sails to victory over challenger Joe Brown", "Judge Joe Brown in Jail for Contempt of Court", "Former TV judge Joe Brown can't practice law in Tennessee", "MSCS Chairwoman Michelle McKissack considers mayoral run", "Judge Joe Brown: The rant, the mugshot, the jokes", "TV's Judge Joe Brown jailed by real judge after courtroom argument, court says", "TV judge Joe Brown begins 5-day jail term", "Judge Joe Brown: Hear What He Said That Got Him Arrested", "Judge Joe Brown Begins Jail Sentence for Contempt of Court After 2014 Courtroom Outburst", "Joe Brown loses appeal over juvenile court outburst", "After the Campaign - Memphis Daily News", "Was Judge Joe Brown's Arrest A Publicty Stunt? But after HBO conducted a televised mock trial about the assassination in 1993in which Ray gave his first public testimony and was found not guiltyJowers declared that hed been part of a conspiracy to kill King, and that Ray had been set up to take to fall. The Q2 rifle-had general class characteristics of six lands and Benny was fascinated with the idea of escaping, although he never actually tried while inside the walls. He made the FBI Most Wanted List before his recapture. Although it is often. The date was November 9, 1963. Stoner is one of the most investigated people in America. In subsequent disclosures, Ray said that he was not the only person involved in the murder of King. Jack Kershaw Is Dead at 96; Challenged Conviction in King's Death. The FBI paper then named another communist whose name is very familiar to those who have read articles about Kings communist connections in The New American, its predecessor magazine, American Opinion, and the monthly bulletins of The John Birch Society, the parent organization of both publications. But within Martin Luther Kings family, there remains a persistent belief that Ray is innocent, and was set up to take the fall. [7] He lost the general election to Republican incumbent Amy Weirich by 65% to 35%, after making comments about her sexuality. He believed that King was a serious threat to the dominance of white people in the USA and wanted to stop him through any means. The day after the trial ended, Coretta King held a press conference in Atlanta to praise the decision. Simpson was found guilty of killing his wife Nicole and Ron Goldman in a civil trial. 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